Iyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolysis ifaka isethi ephelele yemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolysis yamanzi. Imishini eyinhloko yile:
1. I-Electrolyzer
2. Idivayisi yokuhlukanisa igesi noketshezi
3. Uhlelo lokomisa nokuhlanza
4. Ingxenye kagesi ifaka phakathi: i-transformer, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa, ikhabhinethi yokulawula uhlelo lwe-PLC, ikhabhinethi yezinsimbi, ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla, ikhompyutha yokusingatha, njll.
5. Uhlelo olusizayo luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi: ithangi le-alkali, ithangi lamanzi lezinto ezingavuthiwe, iphampu yokuhambisa amanzi, ibhodlela le-nitrogen/ibha yebhasi, njll.
6. Uhlelo oluphelele lokusiza lwale mishini luhlanganisa: umshini wamanzi ahlanzekile, umbhoshongo wamanzi okupholisa, umshini wokuphola, umshini wokomisa umoya, njll.
Kuyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen esebenzisa i-electrolytic, amanzi ahlukaniswa abe yingxenye eyodwa ye-hydrogen kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwengxenye yomoya-mpilo ku-electrolyzer ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla aqondile. I-hydrogen ekhiqizwayo kanye nomoya-mpilo kuthunyelwa ku-gas-liquid separator kanye ne-electrolyte ukuze kuhlukaniswe. I-hydrogen kanye nomoya-mpilo upholiswa yi-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen coolers, bese i-drop catcher ibamba futhi isuse amanzi, bese ithunyelwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu yokulawula; i-electrolyte idlula ku-hydrogen, i-oxygen alkali filter, i-hydrogen, i-oxygen alkali filter, njll. ngaphansi kwesenzo sephampu yokujikeleza kwegazi.
Ingcindezi yesistimu ilungiswa ngesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi kanye nesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi ehlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinqubo ezilandelayo kanye nokugcinwa.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi inezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokungcola okuncane. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola okuku-hydrogen okukhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi kumane kuyi-oxygen namanzi, futhi azikho ezinye izingxenye (ezingagwema ubuthi kwezinye izinto ezibangela ubuthi), okunikeza lula ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu. , ngemva kokuhlanzwa, igesi ekhiqizwayo ingafinyelela izinkomba zegesi yezimboni yezinga likagesi.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yidivayisi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen idlula ethangini le-buffer ukuze kuzinziswe ingcindezi yokusebenza kwesistimu futhi ikhiphe amanzi akhululekile ku-hydrogen.
Ngemva kokuba i-hydrogen ingene kudivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi iyahlanzwa ngokwengeziwe, bese kuthi i-oxygen, amanzi kanye nokunye ukungcola ku-hydrogen kususwe kusetshenziswa izimiso zokusabela kwe-catalytic kanye nokumuncwa kwesihlungo sama-molecular.
Imishini ingahlela uhlelo lokulungisa oluzenzakalelayo lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngokwesimo sangempela. Izinguquko emthwalweni wegesi zizobangela ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yethangi lokugcina i-hydrogen. I-pressure transmitter efakwe ethangini lokugcina izokhipha isignali engu-4-20mA bese iyithumela ku-PLC futhi Ngemva kokuqhathanisa inani elibekiwe lokuqala nokwenza ukuguqulwa okuphambene nokubalwa kwe-PID, isignali engu-20~4mA iyakhishwa bese ithunyelwa kwikhabhinethi yokulungisa ukuze kulungiswe usayizi wamanje we-electrolysis, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe inhloso yokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngokwezinguquko emthwalweni we-hydrogen.
Imishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yamanzi ane-alkaline ifaka phakathi lezi zinhlelo ezilandelayo:
(1) Uhlelo lwamanzi oluhlaza
Ukuphela kwento esabela enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yamanzi ngamanzi (H2O), okudingeka agcwaliswe njalo ngamanzi aluhlaza ngepompo yokugcwalisa amanzi. Indawo yokugcwalisa amanzi isesihlukanisi se-hydrogen noma i-oxygen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane le-hydrogen ne-oxygen kumele lisuswe lapho kuphuma ohlelweni lomswakama. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwemishini emincane kungu-1L/Nm³H2, kanti okwemishini emikhulu kungancishiswa kube ngu-0.9L/Nm³H2. Uhlelo lugcwalisa amanzi aluhlaza njalo. Ngokugcwalisa amanzi, ukuzinza kwezinga loketshezi lwe-alkali kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-alkali kungagcinwa, futhi ikhambi lokusabela lingagcwaliswa ngesikhathi. samanzi ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlushwa kwe-lye.
2) Uhlelo lokulungisa i-transformer
Lolu hlelo luqukethe ikakhulukazi amadivayisi amabili: i-transformer kanye nekhabhinethi yokulungisa. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla e-AC angu-10/35KV anikezwa ngumnikazi we-front-end abe amandla e-DC adingwa yi-electrolyzer, bese unikeza amandla e-DC ku-electrolyzer. Ingxenye yamandla anikeziwe isetshenziselwa ukubola amanzi ngqo. Ama-molecule yi-hydrogen ne-oxygen, kanti enye ingxenye ikhiqiza ukushisa, okukhishwa yi-lye cooler ngamanzi apholile.
Iningi lama-transformer lifana namafutha. Uma lifakwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kwesitsha, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile angasetshenziswa. Ama-transformer asetshenziswa emishinini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi nge-electrolytic angama-transformer akhethekile futhi adinga ukuhambisana nedatha ye-electrolyzer ngayinye, ngakho-ke ayimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
(3) uhlelo lwekhabhinethi lokusabalalisa amandla
Ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngemishini engu-400V noma eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi imishini engu-380V ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezinezinjini ezinhlelweni zokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen ne-oxygen kanye nokuhlanza ngemuva kwemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi kagesi. Le mishini ifaka phakathi ukujikeleza kwe-alkali ohlakeni lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen ne-oxygen. Amaphampu, amaphampu okugcwalisa amanzi ezinhlelweni ezisizayo; izintambo zokushisa ezinhlelweni zokomisa nezokuhlanza, kanye nezinhlelo ezisizayo ezidingwa yilo lonke uhlelo, njengemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, ama-chiller, ama-air compressor, imibhoshongo yokupholisa, kanye nama-hydrogen compressor angemuva, imishini ye-hydrogenation kanye neminye imishini Ukunikezwa kwamandla kuhlanganisa nokunikezwa kwamandla okukhanyisa, ukuqapha kanye nezinye izinhlelo zesiteshi sonke.
(4) uhlelo lokulawula
Uhlelo lokulawula lusebenzisa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-PLC. I-PLC ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-Siemens 1200 noma i-1500. Ifakwe isikrini sokuthinta esibonakalayo sokusebenzisana kwekhompyutha yomuntu nomuntu, futhi ukusebenza kanye nokuboniswa kwamapharamitha kohlelo ngalunye lwemishini kanye nokuboniswa kwe-logic yokulawula kuyabonakala esikrinini sokuthinta.
5) Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lwe-alkali
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa kakhulu imishini elandelayo eyinhloko:
Isihlukanisi se-hydrogen ne-oxygen - iphampu yokujikeleza kwe-alkali - i-valve - isihlungi se-alkali - i-electrolyzer
Inqubo eyinhloko yile: uketshezi lwe-alkali oluxutshwe ne-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen ku-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen separator luhlukaniswa yi-gas-liquid separator bese lugeleza lubuyele ku-alkali liquid circulation pump. Lapha i-hydrogen separator kanye ne-oxygen separator kuxhunyiwe, bese i-alkali liquid circulation pump izobuyela emuva. Uketshezi lwe-alkali lujikeleza ku-valve kanye ne-alkali liquid filter ekugcineni kwangemuva. Ngemva kokuba isihlungi sihlunge ukungcola okukhulu, uketshezi lwe-alkali lujikeleza ngaphakathi kwe-electrolyzer.
(6) Uhlelo lwe-hydrogen
I-hydrogen ikhiqizwa ohlangothini lwe-cathode electrode bese ifinyelela ku-separator kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza koketshezi lwe-alkali. Ku-separator, ngoba i-hydrogen ngokwayo ilula kakhulu, izohlukana ngokwemvelo noketshezi lwe-alkali bese ifinyelela engxenyeni engenhla ye-separator, bese idlula epayipini ukuze ihlukaniswe futhi iphole. Ngemva kokupholisa amanzi, i-drop catcher ibamba amaconsi bese ifinyelela ubumsulwa obungaba ngu-99%, okufinyelela ohlelweni lokomisa nokuhlanza lwasemuva.
Ukususwa kwe-hydrogen: Ukususwa kwe-hydrogen kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukususwa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuvala, ukusebenza okungavamile noma ukwehluleka kobumsulwa, kanye nokususwa kwamaphutha.
(7) Uhlelo lwe-oksijini
Indlela ye-oxygen ifana naleyo ye-hydrogen, kodwa ikwesinye isihlukanisi.
Ukususwa: Njengamanje, iningi lamaphrojekthi e-oxygen liphathwa ngokususwa.
Ukusetshenziswa: Inani lokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo libaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi akhethekile, njengezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa ezingasebenzisa i-hydrogen kanye ne-high-purity oxygen, njengabakhiqizi be-optical fiber. Kukhona futhi amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu agcinele indawo yokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo. Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwangemuva ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo owuketshezi ngemva kokomiswa nokuhlanzwa, noma ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha ngohlelo lokuhlakazeka. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiswa kwalezi zimo zokusetshenziswa akukakaqinisekiswa. Ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe.
(8) uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa
Inqubo yokuhlanza amanzi nge-electrolysis iyindlela yokusabela kwe-endothermic. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kumele inikezwe amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yinqubo yokuhlanza amanzi adlula ukumuncwa kokushisa okucatshangwayo kokusabela kwe-electrolysis yamanzi. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye kagesi esetshenziswa yi-electrolyzer iguqulwa ibe ukushisa. Le ngxenye Ukushisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukushisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwe-alkali ekuqaleni, ukuze izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkali likhuphuke liye ku-90±5°C izinga lokushisa elidingekayo yimishini. Uma i-electrolyzer iqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kudinga ukusetshenziswa. Amanzi apholile akhishwa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lendawo yokusabela kwe-electrolysis. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme endaweni yokusabela kwe-electrolysis linganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ulwelwesi lwegumbi le-electrolysis luzobhujiswa, okuzoba yingozi ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.
Le divayisi idinga ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ligcinwe lingekho ngaphezu kuka-95°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen kanye nomoya-mpilo okhiqizwayo kumele kupholiswe futhi kususwe umswakama, kanti idivayisi yokulungisa elawulwa yi-silicon epholiswe ngamanzi nayo ifakwe amapayipi okupholisa adingekayo.
Umzimba wepompo wemishini emikhulu udinga nokubamba iqhaza kwamanzi okupholisa.
(9) Uhlelo lokugcwaliswa kwe-nitrogen kanye nokuhlanza i-nitrogen
Ngaphambi kokulungisa amaphutha nokusebenzisa idivayisi, uhlelo kumele lugcwaliswe nge-nitrogen ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina komoya. Ngaphambi kokuqala okuvamile, isigaba segesi sohlelo siyadingeka futhi ukuba sihlanzwe nge-nitrogen ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igesi esikhaleni sesigaba segesi ezinhlangothini zombili ze-hydrogen ne-oxygen ikude nobubanzi obuvuthayo nokuqhuma.
Ngemva kokuba imishini ivaliwe, uhlelo lokulawula luzogcina ingcindezi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lugcine inani elithile le-hydrogen ne-oxygen ngaphakathi ohlelweni. Uma ingcindezi isatholakala lapho imishini ivuliwe, asikho isidingo sokwenza i-purging. Kodwa-ke, uma yonke ingcindezi isusiwe, kuzodingeka ihlanzwe futhi. Isenzo sokuhlanza i-nitrogen.
(10) Uhlelo lokomisa i-hydrogen (ukuhlanza) (ongakukhetha)
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi isuswa umswakama yi-dryer ehambisanayo, bese ekugcineni ihlanzwa ngesihlungi se-nickel tube esicwebezelayo ukuze kutholakale i-hydrogen eyomile. (Ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi ze-hydrogen yomkhiqizo, uhlelo lungangeza idivayisi yokuhlanza, futhi ukuhlanza kusebenzisa i-palladium-platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxidation).
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yidivayisi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen esebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi ithunyelwa kudivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen ngethangi le-buffer.
I-hydrogen idlula kuqala embhoshongweni wokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, umoya-mpilo ose-hydrogen usabela ne-hydrogen ukuze ukhiqize amanzi.
Ifomula yokusabela: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-hydrogen idlula ku-hydrogen condenser (epholisa igesi ukuze ihlanganise umhwamuko wamanzi kugesi ukuze ikhiqize amanzi, bese amanzi ahlanganisiwe ekhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ohlelweni nge-liquid collector) bese engena embhoshongweni wokungenisa amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-14-2024
