Iyunithi yokukhiqiza i-electrolysis hydrogen ihlanganisa isethi ephelele yemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen electrolysis yamanzi. Izisetshenziswa eziyinhloko yilezi:
1. Electrolyzer
2. Idivayisi yokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwegesi
3. Ukomisa kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza
4. Ingxenye kagesi ihlanganisa: i-transformer, i-rectifier cabinet, iKhabhinethi yokulawula uhlelo lwe-PLC, iKhabhinethi yezinsimbi, iKhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla, ikhompuyutha yokusingatha, njll.
5. Uhlelo olusizayo luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi: ithangi le-alkali, ithange lamanzi lempahla eluhlaza, iphampu yokuphakela amanzi, ibhodlela le-nitrogen/ ibha yebhasi, njll.
6. Uhlelo lonke olusizayo lwemishini luhlanganisa: umshini wamanzi ahlanzekile, umbhoshongo wamanzi okupholisa, i-chiller, i-air compressor, njll.
Kuyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolytic, amanzi achithwa abe ingxenye eyodwa ye-hydrogen kanye nengxenye engu-1/2 yomoya-mpilo ku-electrolyzer ngaphansi kwesenzo samanje esiqondile. I-hydrogen ne-oksijini ekhiqiziwe kuthunyelwa kusihlukanisi segesi-uketshezi kanye ne-electrolyte ukuze kuhlukaniswe. I-hydrogen kanye ne-The oxygen ipholiswa yi-hydrogen ne-oxygen cooler, futhi isibambi seconsi sibamba futhi sikhiphe amanzi, bese sithunyelwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu yokulawula; i-electrolyte idlula ku-hydrogen, isihlungi se-alkali ye-oksijini, i-hydrogen, isihlungi se-alkali yomoya-mpilo, njll. ngaphansi kwesenzo sephampu yokujikeleza. uketshezi olupholile bese ubuyela ku-electrolyzer ukuze uqhubeke ne-electrolysis.
Ukucindezela kwesistimu kulungiswa ngesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi kanye nesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi ehlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinqubo nokugcinwa okulandelayo.
I-Hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi inezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokungcola okumbalwa. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola kwe-hydrogen okukhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi kuwumoya-mpilo namanzi kuphela, futhi azikho ezinye izingxenye (ezingakwazi ukugwema ubuthi kwamanye ama-catalysts), okunikeza lula ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu. , ngemva kokuhlanzwa, igesi ekhiqizwayo ingafinyelela izinkomba zegesi yezimboni ze-electronic grade.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa idivayisi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen idlula ethangini le-buffer ukuze izinze ukucindezela kokusebenza kwesistimu futhi isuse amanzi mahhala ku-hydrogen.
Ngemva kokuba i-hydrogen ingene emshinini wokuhlanza i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi iphinde ihlanzwe, bese kukhishwa umoya-mpilo, amanzi nokunye ukungcola ku-hydrogen kusetshenziswa izimiso zokusabela kwe-catalytic kanye ne-molecular sieve adsorption.
Imishini ingamisa uhlelo lokulungisa oluzenzakalelayo lokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ngokuya ngesimo sangempela. Izinguquko kumthamo wegesi zizodala ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi yethangi lokugcina i-hydrogen. I-pressure transmitter efakwe ethangini lokugcina izokhipha isignali engu-4-20mA futhi iyithumele ku-PLC futhi Ngemva kokuqhathanisa inani lokusetha langempela nokwenza uguquko oluphambene nokubala kwe-PID, isignali engu-20 ~ 4mA iyaphuma futhi ithunyelwe kukhabhinethi yokulungisa kabusha. lungisa usayizi wamanje we-electrolysis, ngaleyo ndlela ufeze inhloso yokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngokuvumelana nezinguquko kumthwalo we-hydrogen.
Imishini yokukhiqiza i-alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa lezi zinhlelo ezilandelayo:
(1)Isistimu yamanzi asetshenziswayo
Okuwukuphela kwento esabelayo enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolysis yamanzi amanzi (H2O), adinga ukugcwaliswa ngokuqhubekayo ngamanzi aluhlaza ngepompo yokugcwalisa amanzi. Indawo yokugcwalisa amanzi isesihlukanisi se-hydrogen noma i-oxygen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elincane le-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kufanele lithathwe lapho liphuma ohlelweni. lomswakama. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezisetshenziswa ezincane ngu-1L/Nm³H2, futhi lokho kwemishini emikhulu kungehliswa kube ngu-0.9L/Nm³H2. Uhlelo ngokuqhubekayo lugcwalisa amanzi aluhlaza. Ngokugcwaliswa kabusha kwamanzi, ukuzinza kwezinga le-alkali liquid kanye nokugxila kwe-alkali kungagcinwa, futhi isisombululo sokusabela singagcwaliswa ngesikhathi. amanzi ukuze kugcinwe ukugxila kwe-lye.
2) Uhlelo lokulungisa i-Transformer
Lolu hlelo ngokuyinhloko luqukethe amadivaysi amabili: i-transformer kanye nekhabhinethi yokulungisa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla angu-10/35KV AC ahlinzekwa umnikazi wendawo engaphambili abe namandla e-DC adingwa i-electrolyzer, futhi anikeze amandla e-DC ku-electrolyzer. Ingxenye yamandla anikeziwe isetshenziselwa ukubolisa amanzi ngokuqondile. Ama-molecule ayi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo, kanti enye ingxenye ikhiqiza ukushisa, okukhishwa i-lye cooler ngamanzi apholisayo.
Iningi lama-transformer liwuhlobo lukawoyela. Uma ibekwe endlini noma ngaphakathi kwesitsha, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile angasetshenziswa. Ama-transformer asetshenziswa emishinini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolytic amanzi ayiziguquli ezikhethekile futhi adinga ukufaniswa ngokuya ngedatha ye-electrolyzer ngayinye, ngakho-ke ayimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
(3) uhlelo lwekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla
Ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzeka nge-400V noma evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-380V okokusebenza ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezinamamotho kuhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kanye nokuhlanza ngemuva kwemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic. Izinto zokusebenza zihlanganisa ukuhamba kwe-alkali kuhlaka lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Amaphampu, amaphampu okugcwalisa amanzi ezinhlelweni ezisizayo; Izintambo zokushisa ezinhlelweni ezomisa nezokuhlanza, nezinhlelo ezisizayo ezidingwa yilo lonke uhlelo, njengemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, ama-chillers, ama-air compressor, imibhoshongo yokupholisa, nama-back-end hydrogen compressors, imishini ye-hydrogenation nezinye izinto zokusebenza Ukunikezwa kwamandla kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ukukhanya, ukuqapha kanye nezinye izinhlelo zesiteshi sonke.
(4) uhlelo lokulawula
Uhlelo lokulawula lisebenzisa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-PLC. I-PLC ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-Siemens 1200 noma i-1500. Ifakwe isibonisi sokuthinta esibonakalayo sekhompuyutha yomuntu, futhi ukusebenza nokuboniswa kwepharamitha yesistimu ngayinye yezinto zokusebenza kanye nokuvezwa kokulawula ukuqonda kuyabonakala esikrinini esithintwayo.
5) Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwe-alkali
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa kakhulu izisetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
Isihlukanisi se-hydrogen ne-oxygen - iphampu yokujikeleza kwe-alkali - i-valve - isihlungi se-alkali - i-electrolyzer
Inqubo eyinhloko yilena: uketshezi lwe-alkali oluxutshwe ne-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kusihlukanisi se-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo sihlukaniswa yisihlukanisi se-gas-liquid bese sigeleza sibuyele empompini yomjikelezo we-alkali liquid. Lapha isihlukanisi se-hydrogen kanye nesihlukanisi se-oxygen kuxhunyiwe, futhi iphampu ye-alkali yokujikeleza kwe-alkali izophinde iguquke. Uketshezi lwe-alkali luzungeza kuvalvu kanye nesihlungi se-alkali liquid ekugcineni kwangemuva. Ngemva kokuba isihlungi sikhiphe ukungcola okukhulu, uketshezi lwe-alkali luzungeza ngaphakathi kwe-electrolyzer.
(6)Isistimu ye-Hydrogen
I-Hydrogen ikhiqizwa ohlangothini lwe-cathode electrode futhi ifinyelela kusihlukanisi kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwe-alkali liquid. Kusihlukanisi, ngenxa yokuthi i-hydrogen ngokwayo ayilula kangako, izohlukana ngokwemvelo noketshezi lwe-alkali futhi ifinyelele engxenyeni engenhla yesihlukanisi, bese idlula epayipini ukuze ihlukanise futhi iphole. Ngemva kokupholisa kwamanzi, i-drop catcher ibamba amaconsi futhi ifinyelele ekuhlanzekeni okungaba ngu-99%, okufinyelela ohlelweni lokumisa nokuhlanza olungemuva.
Ukukhishwa: Ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhishwa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuvala, ukusebenza okungavamile noma ukwehluleka kokuhlanzeka, kanye nokukhishwa kwamaphutha.
(7) Uhlelo lwe-oksijini
Indlela ye-oksijini iyafana naleyo ye-hydrogen, kodwa kwesinye isihlukanisi.
Ukuphuma: Okwamanje, iningi lamaphrojekthi komoyampilo aphathwa ngokuphuma.
Ukusetshenziswa: Inani lokusetshenziswa komoyampilo linengqondo kuphela kumaphrojekthi akhethekile, njengezimo ezithile zohlelo ezingasebenzisa kokubili i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ohlanzekile kakhulu, njengabakhiqizi befiber optical. Kukhona futhi amaphrojekthi amakhulu agcine indawo yokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezingemuva ziwukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo owuketshezi ngemva kokomiswa nokuhlanzwa, noma ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo wezokwelapha ngohlelo lokusabalalisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zimo zokusetshenziswa kusazonqunywa. Ukuqinisekisa okwengeziwe.
(8)isistimu yamanzi okupholisa
Inqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi iwukusabela kwe-endothermic. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kumele inikezwe amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa inqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi adlula ukumuncwa kokushisa okucatshangelwayo kokusabela kwe-electrolysis yamanzi. Okusho ukuthi, ingxenye kagesi esetshenziswa i-electrolyzer iguqulwa ibe ukushisa. Le ngxenye Ukushisa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwe-alkali ekuqaleni, ukuze izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkali likhuphuke liye ku-90±5°C izinga lokushisa elidingwa imishini. Uma i-electrolyzer iqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kudinga ukusetshenziswa Amanzi okupholisa ayakhishwa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elivamile lendawo yokusabela kwe-electrolysis. Ukushisa okuphezulu endaweni yokusabela kwe-electrolysis kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-membrane yekamelo le-electrolysis izobhujiswa, okuzophinde kube yingozi ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.
Le divayisi idinga izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ukuthi ligcinwe lingekho ngaphezu kuka-95°C. Ukwengeza, i-hydrogen ekhiqiziwe nomoya-mpilo kufanele futhi kupholiswe futhi kususwe umswakama, futhi isisetshenziswa esilungisiwe esilawulwa nge-silicon esilawulwa ngamanzi siphinde sifakwe amapayipi okupholisa adingekayo.
Umzimba wepompo wemishini emikhulu nawo udinga ukubamba iqhaza kwamanzi okupholisa.
(9) Ukugcwaliswa kwe-nitrogen kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza i-nitrogen
Ngaphambi kokulungisa iphutha nokusebenzisa idivayisi, isistimu kufanele igcwaliswe nge-nitrogen ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina komoya. Ngaphambi kokuqala okujwayelekile, isigaba segesi sesistimu siyadingeka futhi ukuthi sihlanzwe nge-nitrogen ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igesi esesikhaleni sesigaba segesi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ikude nebanga elivutha umlilo neliqhumayo.
Ngemva kokuba imishini ivaliwe, isistimu yokulawula izogcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ingcindezi futhi igcine inani elithile le-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Uma ingcindezi isatholakala lapho imishini ivuliwe, asikho isidingo sokwenza ukuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, uma yonke ingcindezi isusiwe, izodinga ukuhlanzwa futhi. Isenzo sokuhlanza i-nitrogen.
(10) Isistimu yokomisa nge-hydrogen (yokuhlanza) (kuyakhetheka)
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwe ku-electrolysis yamanzi ikhishwa umswakama ngesomisi esihambisanayo, futhi ekugcineni ithululwe isihlungi seshubhu ye-nickel esine-sintered ukuze kutholwe i-hydrogen eyomile. (Ngokuvumelana nezidingo zomsebenzisi ze-hydrogen yomkhiqizo, isistimu ingase yengeze idivayisi yokuhlanza, futhi ukuhlanzwa kusebenzisa i-palladium-platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxidation).
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa idivayisi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen electrolysis yamanzi ithunyelwa kudivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen ngethangi le-buffer.
I-hydrogen iqala ukudlula embhoshongweni we-deoxygenation. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, umoya-mpilo ku-hydrogen uhlangana ne-hydrogen ukuze ukhiqize amanzi.
Ifomula yokusabela: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Khona-ke, i-hydrogen idlula ku-hydrogen condenser (epholisa igesi ukuminyanisa umhwamuko wamanzi kugesi ukuze ikhiqize amanzi, futhi amanzi ajiyile akhishwa ngokuzenzekelayo ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa umqoqi we-liquid) bese ungena embhoshongweni we-adsorption.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-14-2024
