1. Amandla okuhlakazeka
Ikhono lesisombululo esithile lokufeza ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kokumbozwa ku-electrode (ngokuvamile i-cathode) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile uma kuqhathaniswa nokusatshalaliswa kwamanje kokuqala. Kwaziwa nangokuthi umthamo wokufaka.
2. Ikhono lokugoqa okujulile:
Amandla esixazululo sokufaka insimbi emigodini noma emigodini ejulile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
3 Ukufakwa kwe-Electroplating:
Kuyinqubo yokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-waveform yamandla aqondile aphansi ukuze kudlule i-workpiece njenge-cathode ku-electrolyte equkethe i-ion ethile yensimbi kanye nenqubo yokuthola ama-electron kuma-ion ensimbi bese ewafaka njalo ensimbini ku-cathode.
4 Ubuningi bamanje:
Ukuqina kwamanje okudlula ku-electrode yendawo yeyunithi kuvame ukuvezwa ku-A/dm2.
5 Ukusebenza kahle kwamanje:
Isilinganiso sesisindo sangempela somkhiqizo esakhiwe ukusabela ku-electrode kuya ku-electrochemical equivalent yayo lapho idlula kuyunithi kagesi ngokuvamile sivezwa njengephesenti.
Ama-Cathode ayi-6:
I-electrode esabela ukuze ithole ama-electron, okungukuthi i-electrode edlula ekusabeleni kokunciphisa.
Ama-Anode angu-7:
I-electrode engamukela ama-electron avela kuma-reactants, okungukuthi i-electrode edlula ekusabela kwe-oxidation.
10 Ukugqoka kwe-Cathodic:
Isembozo sensimbi esinenani eliphakeme le-algebraic le-electrode potential kunensimbi eyisisekelo.
11 Ukugqoka kwe-Anodic:
Isembozo sensimbi esinenani le-algebraic le-electrode potential elincane kunelensimbi eyisisekelo.
12 Izinga lokuthuthwa kwenhlabathi:
Ubukhulu bensimbi obubekwe phezu kwengxenye ngaphakathi kweyunithi yesikhathi. Ngokuvamile buvezwa ngama-micrometer ngehora.
13 Ukuqalisa:
Inqubo yokwenza isimo esibuthuntu sendawo yensimbi inyamalale.
14 Ukungabi nandaba;
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo, ukusabela okuvamile kokuncibilika kobuso bensimbi kuyaphazamiseka kakhulu futhi kwenzeka ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bamandla e-electrode.
Umphumela wokunciphisa izinga lokusabela kokuncibilika kwensimbi liye ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
15 Ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen:
Ukungaqini okubangelwa ukumuncwa kwama-athomu e-hydrogen yizinsimbi noma ama-alloy ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezifana nokusika, ukususa amafutha, noma ukufaka i-electroplating.
Inani le-PH elingu-16:
I-logarithm evame ukusetshenziswa engalungile yomsebenzi we-hydrogen ion.
17 Izinto ze-matrix;
Izinto ezingabeka insimbi noma zakhe ungqimba lwefilimu kuyo.
Ama-anode angu-18 asizayo:
Ngaphezu kwe-anode evame ukudingwa ekufakweni kwe-electroplating, i-anode eyisizayo isetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje ebusweni bengxenye efakwe ipulasitiki.
19 I-cathode ewusizo:
Ukuze kuqedwe ama-burrs noma ukusha okungenzeka ezingxenyeni ezithile zengxenye ehlanganisiwe ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwemigqa yamandla, kunezelwa isimo esithile se-cathode eduze kwaleyo ngxenye ukuze kudliwe amanye amandla kagesi. Le cathode eyengeziwe ibizwa ngokuthi i-assistant cathode.
20 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cathodic:
Isenzakalo lapho amandla e-cathode ephambuka khona kumandla okulingana futhi ahamba ngendlela engemihle lapho ugesi oqondile udlula ku-electrode.
21 Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kokuqala:
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi ebusweni be-electrode uma kungekho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electrode.
22 Ukungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali;
Inqubo yokwelapha umsebenzi we-workpiece ngesisombululo esiqukethe i-oxidizing agent ukuze kwakheke ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lokudlula ebusweni, olusebenza njengefilimu evikelayo.
23 Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali:
Inqubo yokwakha ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bensimbi ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
24 Ukushiswa kwe-electrochemical (i-anodizing):
Inqubo yokwakha ifilimu ye-oxide evikelayo, yokuhlobisa, noma enye esebenzayo ebusweni bengxenye yensimbi nge-electrolysis ku-electrolyte ethile, kanye nengxenye yensimbi njenge-anode.
25 Ukufakwa kwe-electroplating okunethonya:
Ugesi ophezulu osheshayo odlula enkambisweni yamanje.
26 Ifilimu yokuguqula;
Ingqimba yemaski yobuso engaphezulu yenhlanganisela equkethe insimbi eyakhiwe ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali noma nge-electrochemical kwensimbi.
27 Insimbi iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
Inqubo yokushisa izingxenye zensimbi emoyeni noma ukuzicwilisa esixazululweni se-oxidizing ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu encane ye-oxide ebusweni, ngokuvamile enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (omnyama).
28 Ukuphosphata:
Inqubo yokwakha ifilimu yokuvikela i-phosphate enganyibiliki ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi.
29 Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-electrochemical:
Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi, izinga lokusabela kwe-electrochemical ku-electrode liphansi kunejubane lama-electron anikezwa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle, okubangela ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukushintsha kabi futhi kwenzeke i-polarization.
30 Ukwehlukaniswa kokugxila:
Ukuhlukaniswa okubangelwa umehluko ekugxilweni phakathi kwesendlalelo soketshezi eduze kobuso be-electrode kanye nokujula kwesisombululo.
31 Ukususa amafutha ngamakhemikhali:
Inqubo yokususa amabala kawoyela ebusweni bento yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa i-saponification kanye ne-emulsification kusisombululo se-alkaline.
32 Ukususa amafutha nge-electrolytic:
Inqubo yokususa amabala kawoyela ebusweni bento yokusebenza esisombululo se-alkaline, kusetshenziswa into yokusebenza njenge-anode noma i-cathode, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla kagesi.
33 Ikhipha ukukhanya:
Inqubo yokucwilisa insimbi esixazululweni isikhathi esifushane ukuze kwakheke ubuso obukhazimulayo.
34 Ukupholisha ngomshini:
Inqubo yokucubungula ngomshini yokuthuthukisa ukukhanya kobuso bezingxenye zensimbi ngokusebenzisa isondo lokupholisha elijikelezayo ngesivinini esikhulu elimbozwe nge-polish paste.
35 Ukususa amafutha e-organic solvent:
Inqubo yokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ukususa amabala kawoyela ebusweni bezingxenye.
36 Ukususwa kwe-Hydrogen:
Ukushisa izingxenye zensimbi ngokushisa okuthile noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuqeda inqubo yokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen ngaphakathi kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-electroplating.
37 Ukukhumula:
Inqubo yokususa uqweqwe ebusweni bengxenye.
38 Ukuqopha okubuthakathaka:
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-plating, inqubo yokususa ifilimu ye-oxide encane kakhulu ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi kusisombululo esithile sokwakheka bese kusebenze ubuso.
39 Ukuguguleka okukhulu:
Faka izingxenye zensimbi esixazululweni esiphezulu nesinokushisa okuthile ukuze ususe ukugqwala kwe-oxide ezingxenyeni zensimbi
Inqubo yokuguguleka komhlabathi.
Izikhwama ze-Anode ezingu-40:
Isikhwama esenziwe ngokotini noma ngendwangu yokwenziwa ebekwa ku-anode ukuvimbela ukungcola kwe-anode ukuthi kungangeni esixazululweni.
41 I-ejenti yokukhanyisa:
Izithasiselo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukumbozwa okukhanyayo kuma-electrolyte.
Ama-surfactant angu-42:
Into enganciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwe-interfacial ngisho noma ingezwa ngamanani aphansi kakhulu.
I-Emulsifier engu-43;
Into enganciphisa ukungezwani kobuso phakathi koketshezi olungaxubeki futhi yakhe i-emulsion.
44 I-ejenti yokubulala:
Into engakha inhlanganisela enama-ion ensimbi noma ama-compound aqukethe ama-ion ensimbi.
45 Isendlalelo sokuvala:
Ingqimba yezinto ezisetshenziswa engxenyeni ethile ye-electrode noma i-fixture ukuze zenze ubuso baleyo ngxenye bungabi namandla okuhambisa ugesi.
46 I-ejenti yokumanzisa:
Into enganciphisa ukungezwani kobuso phakathi kwento yokusebenza kanye nesisombululo, okwenza ubuso bento yokusebenza bube manzi kalula.
Izithasiselo ezingu-47:
Inani elincane lezithasiselo eziqukethwe esixazululweni ezingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical noma ikhwalithi yesisombululo.
48 I-Buffer:
Into engagcina inani le-pH elingaguquguquki lesisombululo ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile.
49 I-cathode ehambayo:
I-cathode esebenzisa idivayisi yomshini ukuze ibangele ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwengxenye ehlanganisiwe kanye nebha yesigxobo.
Ifilimu yamanzi engama-50 engapheli:
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukumanzisa okungalingani okubangelwa ukungcoliswa kobuso, okwenza ifilimu yamanzi ebusweni ingaqhubeki.
51 Ukubhoboza:
Inani lemigodi yephini endaweni ngayinye.
52 Izimbobo Zokugoba:
Izimbobo ezincane ezivela ebusweni bengubo kuya embozweni ongaphansi noma insimbi ye-substrate zibangelwa izithiyo enqubweni yokuma kwe-electrode ezindaweni ezithile ebusweni be-cathode, okuvimbela ukufakwa kwengubo kuleyo ndawo, kuyilapho ingubo ezungezile iqhubeka nokuqina.
53 Ukushintsha kombala:
Ushintsho kumbala wobuso bensimbi noma uqweqwe olubangelwa ukugqwala (njengokuba mnyama, ukushintsha kombala, njll.).
54 Amandla okubopha:
Amandla esibopho phakathi kwesembozo nezinto ze-substrate. Kungalinganiswa ngamandla adingekayo ukuhlukanisa isembozo ne-substrate.
55 Ukuxebuka:
Isenzakalo sokuhlukaniswa kwesembozo kusuka ezintweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ngesimo esifana neshidi.
56 Ukugqoka okufana nesiponji:
Amadiphozithi axegayo nanezimbobo akheka ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakelwa kwe-electroplating angaxhumene ngokuqinile nezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba.
57 Ukugqoka okushile:
Inhlabathi emnyama, erhabaxa, ekhululekile noma esezingeni eliphansi eyakhiwe ngaphansi kogesi ophezulu, evame ukuba ne-
I-oxide noma okunye ukungcola.
Amachashazi angu-58:
Imigodi emincane noma imigodi eyakheke ezindaweni zensimbi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-electroplating kanye nokugqwala.
Izakhiwo Zokubopha Ezingama-59:
Amandla okumanziswa kobuso bengubo nge-solder encibilikisiwe.
I-60 Hard chrome plating:
Kubhekisela ekumbozeni izendlalelo ze-chromium ezijiyile ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ze-substrate. Eqinisweni, ubulukhuni bayo abulukhuni kunesendlalelo se-chromium esihlobisayo, futhi uma isendlalelo singakhanyi, sithambile kunesendlalelo se-chromium esihlobisayo. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-hard chromium plating ngoba isendlalelo sayo esijiyile singabonisa ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu kanye nezici zokumelana nokuguguleka.
T: Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo kanye Nemigomo Yokusebenzisa I-Electroplating
D: Amandla esixazululo esithile okufeza ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kokumbozwa ku-electrode (ngokuvamile i-cathode) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile uma kuqhathaniswa nokusatshalaliswa kwamanje kokuqala. Kwaziwa nangokuthi umthamo wokufaka i-plating
K: Ukufaka i-Electroplating
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-20-2024
