I-electrolytici-hydrogeniyunithi yokukhiqiza ifaka isethi ephelele ye-electrolysis yamanzii-hydrogenimishini yokukhiqiza, kanye nemishini eyinhloko ehlanganisa:
1. Iseli le-electrolytic
2. Idivayisi yokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwegesi
3. Uhlelo lokomisa nokuhlanza
4. Ingxenye kagesi ifaka phakathi: i-transformer, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa, ikhabhinethi yokulawula ye-PLC, ikhabhinethi yezinsimbi, ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, ikhompyutha engenhla, njll.
5. Uhlelo olusizayo luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi: ithangi lesisombululo se-alkali, ithangi lamanzi lezinto ezingavuthiwe, iphampu yamanzi yokwenza izimonyo, isilinda/ibhasi le-nitrogen, njll. 6. Uhlelo olusizayo oluphelele lwemishini luhlanganisa: umshini wamanzi ahlanzekile, umbhoshongo wokushisa, i-chiller, i-air compressor, njll.
Ama-cooler e-hydrogen ne-oxygen, bese amanzi eqoqwa nge-drip trap ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu yokulawula; I-electrolyte idlulai-hydrogenkanye nezihlungi ze-alkali ze-oxygen, ama-cooler e-hydrogen ne-alkali ye-oxygen ngokulandelana ngaphansi kwesenzo sephampu yokujikeleza kwegazi, bese ebuyela esitokisini se-electrolytic ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusetshenziswa kwe-electrolysis.
Ingcindezi yesistimu ilawulwa uhlelo lokulawula ingcindezi kanye nohlelo lokulawula ingcindezi ehlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinqubo zokugcina kanye nokugcina phansi.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi inezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphansi. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola kugesi ye-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi kungumoya-mpilo namanzi kuphela, ngaphandle kwezinye izingxenye (ezingagwema ubuthi bezinto ezithile ezibangela ubuthi). Lokhu kunikeza lula ukukhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen ehlanzekile kakhulu, futhi igesi ehlanziwe ingahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamagesi ezimboni ze-elekthronikhi.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yiyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen idlula ethangini le-buffer ukuze kuqiniswe ingcindezi yokusebenza kwesistimu futhi kukhishwe amanzi amahhala ku-hydrogen.
Ngemva kokungena kudivayisi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi ihlanzwa ngokwengeziwe, kusetshenziswa izimiso zokusabela kwe-catalytic kanye nokumuncwa kwesihlungo sama-molecular ukususa umoya-mpilo, amanzi, nokunye ukungcola ku-hydrogen.
Imishini ingasetha uhlelo lokulungisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen oluzenzakalelayo ngokwesimo sangempela. Izinguquko kumthwalo wegesi zizobangela ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yethangi lokugcina i-hydrogen. I-transmitter yokucindezela efakwe ethangini lokugcina izokhipha isignali engu-4-20mA ku-PLC ukuze iqhathaniswe nenani elibekiwe lokuqala, futhi ngemva kokuguqulwa okuphambene nokubalwa kwe-PID, ikhipha isignali engu-20-4mA kwikhabhinethi yokulungisa ukuze kulungiswe usayizi wamanje we-electrolysis, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe injongo yokulungisa okuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngokwezinguquko kumthwalo we-hydrogen.
Ukusabela okuwukuphela kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yi-electrolysis yamanzi ngamanzi (H2O), okudingeka ukuthi ahlinzekwe njalo ngamanzi aluhlaza ngepompo yokugcwalisa amanzi. Indawo yokugcwalisa amanzi itholakala ku-hydrogen noma i-oxygen separator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ne-oxygen kudingeka zisuse inani elincane lamanzi lapho ziphuma ohlelweni. Imishini esetshenziswa amanzi kancane ingadla i-1L/Nm³ H2, kuyilapho imishini emikhulu inganciphisa ibe yi-0.9L/Nm³ H2. Uhlelo luqhubeka nokugcwalisa amanzi aluhlaza, okungagcina ukuqina kwezinga loketshezi lwe-alkaline kanye nokuhlushwa. Lungaphinda lugcwalise amanzi aphenduliwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-alkaline.
- Uhlelo lokulungisa i-transformer
Lolu hlelo luqukethe ikakhulukazi amadivayisi amabili, i-transformer kanye nekhabhinethi yokulungisa. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla e-AC angu-10/35KV anikezwa ngumnikazi we-front-end abe amandla e-DC adingwa yiseli le-electrolytic, futhi anikeze amandla e-DC kuseli le-electrolytic. Ingxenye yamandla anikeziwe isetshenziselwa ukubola ngqo ama-molecule amanzi abe yi-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen, kanti enye ingxenye ikhiqiza ukushisa, okwenziwa yi-alkali cooler ngamanzi apholile.
Iningi lama-transformer liwuhlobo lwamafutha. Uma libekwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kwesitsha, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile angasetshenziswa. Ama-transformer asetshenziselwa imishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi nge-electrolytic angama-transformer akhethekile adinga ukufana ngokwedatha yeseli ngayinye ye-electrolytic, ngakho-ke ayimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Njengamanje, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa esetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-thyristor, olusekelwa abakhiqizi bemishini ngenxa yesikhathi sayo eside sokusetshenziswa, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kanye nentengo ephansi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo sokuvumelanisa imishini emikhulu namandla avuselelekayo angaphambili, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamakhabhinethi okulungisa i-thyristor kuphansi kakhulu. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bamakhabhinethi okulungisa balwela ukwamukela amakhabhinethi amasha okulungisa i-IGBT. I-IGBT isivele ivame kakhulu kwezinye izimboni ezifana namandla omoya, futhi kukholakala ukuthi amakhabhinethi okulungisa i-IGBT azoba nentuthuko enkulu esikhathini esizayo.
- Uhlelo lwekhabhinethi lokusabalalisa
Ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngamandla ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ngama-motor ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen oxygen kanye nokuhlanza ngemuva kwemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi kagesi, okuhlanganisa i-400V noma evame ukubizwa ngokuthi imishini ye-380V. Imishini ifaka iphampu yokujikeleza kwe-alkali ohlakeni lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen oxygen kanye nephampu yamanzi yokwenza ohlelweni olusizayo; Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezintambo zokushisa ohlelweni lokomisa nokuhlanza, kanye nezinhlelo ezisizayo ezidingekayo ohlelweni lonke njengemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, ama-chiller, ama-air compressor, imibhoshongo yokupholisa, kanye nama-hydrogen compressor angemuva, imishini ye-hydrogenation, njll., ifaka futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla okukhanyisa, ukuqapha, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zesiteshi sonke.
- Cisingenisouhlelo lwe-l
Uhlelo lokulawula lusebenzisa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-PLC. I-PLC ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-Siemens 1200 noma i-1500, futhi ifakwe isikrini sokuthinta esibonakalayo sokusebenzisana komuntu nomshini. Ukusebenza kanye nokuboniswa kwamapharamitha kohlelo ngalunye lwemishini kanye nokuboniswa kwe-logic yokulawula kuyabonakala esikrinini sokuthinta.
5. Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa kakhulu imishini elandelayo eyinhloko:
Isihlukanisi se-hydrogen oxygen – Iphampu yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali – Ivalvu – Isihlungi sesisombululo se-alkali – Iseli le-Electrolytic
Inqubo eyinhloko yile: isixazululo se-alkaline esixutshwe ne-hydrogen kanye ne-oxygen ku-hydrogen oxygen separator sihlukaniswa yi-gas-liquid separator bese sibuyiselwa emuva ku-alkaline solution circulation pump. I-hydrogen separator kanye ne-oxygen separator zixhunywe lapha, kanti i-alkaline solution circulation pump ijikeleza isixazululo se-alkaline esibuyiselwe emuva ku-valve kanye ne-alkaline solution filter ekugcineni. Ngemva kokuba isihlungi sihlunge ukungcola okukhulu, isixazululo se-alkaline sijikeleziswa ngaphakathi kweseli le-electrolytic.
6. Uhlelo lwe-hydrogen
Igesi ye-hydrogen ikhiqizwa ohlangothini lwe-cathode electrode bese ifinyelela ku-separator kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkaline. Ngaphakathi ku-separator, igesi ye-hydrogen ilula futhi ihlukaniswe ngokwemvelo nesixazululo se-alkaline, ifinyelela engxenyeni engenhla yesihlukanisi. Bese, idlula emapayipini ukuze ihlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe, ipholiswe ngamanzi okupholisa, bese iqoqwa yi-drip catcher ukuze ifinyelele ubumsulwa obungaba ngu-99% ngaphambi kokufinyelela ohlelweni lokomisa nokuhlanza olungemuva.
Ukususwa kwegesi: Ukususwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuqala nezokuvala, imisebenzi engavamile, noma lapho ubumsulwa bungahlangabezani nezindinganiso, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.
7. Uhlelo lwe-oksijini
Indlela ye-oxygen ifana neye-hydrogen, ngaphandle kokuthi yenziwa ngezihlukanisi ezahlukene.
Ukukhipha I-Oksijini: Njengamanje, amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa indlela yokukhipha i-oxygen.
Ukusetshenziswa: Inani lokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo libaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi akhethekile, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenzisa i-hydrogen kanye ne-high-purity oxygen, njengabakhiqizi be-fiber optic. Kukhona futhi amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu agcinele indawo yokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo. Izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-backend zenzelwe ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo owuketshezi ngemva kokomiswa nokuhlanzwa, noma umoya-mpilo wezokwelapha ngezinhlelo zokuhlakazeka. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kwalezi zimo zokusetshenziswa kusadinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe.
8. Uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa
Inqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi iyi-endothermic reaction, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kumele inikezwe amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa enkambisweni ye-electrolysis yamanzi adlula ukumuncwa kokushisa okucatshangwayo kwe-electrolysis reaction yamanzi. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye kagesi esetshenziswa eseli ye-electrolysis iguqulwa ibe ukushisa, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkaline ekuqaleni, kukhushulwe izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkaline liye ezingeni lokushisa elidingekayo elingu-90 ± 5 ℃ lemishini. Uma iseli ye-electrolysis iqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kudinga ukwenziwa ngamanzi okupholisa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lendawo yokusabela kwe-electrolysis. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme endaweni yokusabela kwe-electrolysis linganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-diaphragm yegumbi le-electrolysis izolimala, okuzoba yingozi nasekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.
Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza lale divayisi liyadingeka ukuthi ligcinwe lingekho ngaphezu kuka-95 ℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ne-oxygen ekhiqizwayo nazo zidinga ukupholiswa futhi zisuswe umswakama, kanti idivayisi yokulungisa i-thyristor epholiswe ngamanzi nayo ifakwe amapayipi okupholisa adingekayo.
Umzimba wepompo wemishini emikhulu udinga nokubamba iqhaza kwamanzi okupholisa.
- Uhlelo lokugcwaliswa kwe-nitrogen kanye nokuhlanza i-nitrogen
Ngaphambi kokulungisa amaphutha nokusebenzisa idivayisi, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-nitrogen ohlelweni. Ngaphambi kokuqala okuvamile, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlanza isigaba segesi sohlelo nge-nitrogen ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igesi esikhaleni sesigaba segesi ezinhlangothini zombili ze-hydrogen ne-oxygen ikude kakhulu nobubanzi obuvuthayo nokuqhuma.
Ngemva kokuba imishini ivaliwe, uhlelo lokulawula luzogcina ingcindezi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lugcine inani elithile le-hydrogen ne-oxygen ngaphakathi kohlelo. Uma ingcindezi isekhona ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, asikho isidingo sokwenza isenzo sokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, uma ingcindezi incishisiwe ngokuphelele, isenzo sokuhlanza i-nitrogen sidinga ukwenziwa futhi.
- Uhlelo lokomisa i-hydrogen (ukuhlanza) (ongakukhetha)
Igesi ye-hydrogen elungiselelwe nge-electrolysis yamanzi isuswa umswakama nge-dryer ehambisanayo, bese ekugcineni ihlanzwa ngesihlungi se-nickel tube esicwebezelayo ukuze kutholakale igesi ye-hydrogen eyomile. Ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi ze-hydrogen yomkhiqizo, uhlelo lungangeza idivayisi yokuhlanza, esebenzisa i-palladium platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxygenation ukuze kuhlanzwe.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yiyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolysis yamanzi ithunyelwa kuyunithi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen ngethangi le-buffer.
Igesi ye-hydrogen iqala idlule embhoshongweni wokukhipha umoya-mpilo, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, umoya-mpilo osegesini ye-hydrogen uphendula negesi ye-hydrogen ukuze ukhiqize amanzi.
Ifomula yokusabela: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Ngemuva kwalokho, igesi ye-hydrogen idlula ku-hydrogen condenser (epholisa igesi ukuze ihlanganise umhwamuko wamanzi ube ngamanzi, okhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwesistimu ngeqoqo) bese ingena embhoshongweni wokungenisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-03-2024
