I-electrolytici-hydrogeniyunithi yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa isethi ephelele ye-electrolysis yamanzii-hydrogenimishini yokukhiqiza, enemishini emikhulu ehlanganisa:
1. Iseli ye-Electrolytic
2. Idivaysi yokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwegesi
3. Ukomisa kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza
4. Ingxenye kagesi ihlanganisa: i-transformer, i-rectifier cabinet, i-PLC yokulawula iKhabhinethi, iKhabhinethi yezinsimbi, iKhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, ikhompuyutha ephezulu, njll.
5. Uhlelo olusizayo ikakhulukazi luhlanganisa: ithangi lesisombululo se-alkali, ithange lamanzi lempahla eluhlaza, iphampu yamanzi yokwakheka, isilinda/ibhasi ye-nitrogen, njll/ 6. Uhlelo olusizayo lulonke lwamathuluzi luhlanganisa: umshini wamanzi ahlanzekile, i-chiller tower, i-chiller, I-air compressor, njll
ama-cooler e-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo, futhi amanzi aqoqwa yisicupho se-drip ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu yokulawula; I-electrolyte iyadlulai-hydrogenkanye nezihlungi ze-alkali komoyampilo, izipholile ze-hydrogen ne-alkali komoyampilo ngokulandelana kwazo ngaphansi kwesenzo sephampu yokujikeleza, bese zibuyela kuseli ye-electrolytic ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlaziywa kwe-electrolysis.
Ukucindezela kwesistimu kulawulwa uhlelo lokulawula ingcindezi kanye nesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi ehlukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinqubo ezingezansi nokugcinwa.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi inezinzuzo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokungcola okuphansi. Ngokuvamile, ukungcola kwegesi ye-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi kungumoya-mpilo namanzi kuphela, kungabikho ezinye izingxenye (ezingagwema ubuthi bezinto ezithile zokuphefumula). Lokhu kunikeza lula ukukhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen ehlanzeke kakhulu, futhi igesi ehlanziwe ingahlangabezana namazinga amagesi e-electronic grade industrial.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa iyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen idlula ethangini le-buffer ukuze imise ukucindezela kokusebenza kwesistimu futhi iqhubeke nokukhipha amanzi amahhala ku-hydrogen.
Ngemva kokungena emshinini wokuhlanza i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa yi-electrolysis yamanzi iphinde ihlanzwe, kusetshenziswa izimiso ze-catalytic reaction kanye ne-molecular sieve adsorption ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo, amanzi, nokunye ukungcola ku-hydrogen.
Izinto zokusebenza zingasetha uhlelo lokulungisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen oluzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngesimo sangempela. Izinguquko kumthamo wegesi zizodala ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi yethangi lokugcina i-hydrogen. I-pressure transmitter efakwe ethangini lokugcina izokhipha isignali engu-4-20mA ku-PLC ukuze iqhathaniswe nenani lesethi yasekuqaleni, futhi ngemva kokuguqulwa okuphambene nokubala kwe-PID, ikhiphe isignali engu-20-4mA kwikhabhinethi yokubuyisela ukulungisa usayizi we i-electrolysis current, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela inhloso yokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngokuya ngezinguquko kumthwalo we-hydrogen.
Okuwukuphela kokusabela ohlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yamanzi amanzi (H2O), adinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokuqhubekayo ngamanzi aluhlaza ngepompo yokugcwalisa amanzi. Isikhundla sokugcwalisa sitholakala kusihlukanisi se-hydrogen noma i-oxygen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kudingeka kuthathe amanzi amancane lapho ephuma ohlelweni. Izisetshenziswa ezinamanzi aphansi zingadla u-1L/Nm ³ H2, kuyilapho okokusebenza okukhudlwana kungawehlisa kuye ku-0.9L/Nm ³ H2. Isistimu igcwalisa amanzi aluhlaza ngokuqhubekayo, angagcina ukuqina kwezinga le-alkaline liquid kanye nokugxila. Ingakwazi futhi ukugcwalisa amanzi aphenduliwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kugcinwe ukugxila kwesisombululo se-alkaline.
- Isistimu yokuguqula i-Transformer
Lolu hlelo ngokuyinhloko luqukethe amadivaysi amabili, i-transformer kanye nekhabhinethi yokulungisa. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula amandla angu-10/35KV AC anikezwe umnikazi ongaphambili abe namandla e-DC adingwa iseli le-electrolytic, futhi anikeze amandla e-DC kuseli ye-electrolytic. Ingxenye yamandla anikeziwe isetshenziselwa ukubola ngokuqondile ama-molecule amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo, kanti enye ingxenye ikhiqiza ukushisa, okwenziwa into epholile ye-alkali ngokusebenzisa amanzi okupholisa.
Iningi lama-transformer liwuhlobo lwamafutha. Uma ibekwe endlini noma ngaphakathi kwesitsha, ama-transformer ohlobo olomile angasetshenziswa. Ama-transformer asetshenziselwa imishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ye-electrolytic amanzi ayiziguquli ezikhethekile ezidinga ukufaniswa ngokuya ngedatha yeseli ngalinye le-electrolytic, ngakho-ke ayimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Njengamanje, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa esetshenziswa kakhulu wuhlobo lwe-thyristor, olusekelwa abakhiqizi bemishini ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kanye nenani eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo sokujwayela imishini emikhulu kumandla avuselelekayo angaphambili, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamakhabethe e-thyristor rectifier kuphansi kakhulu. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bekhabhinethi abalungisayo balwela ukusebenzisa amakhabethe okulungisa amasha e-IGBT. I-IGBT isivele ivame kakhulu kwezinye izimboni ezifana namandla omoya, futhi kukholakala ukuthi amakhabethe okulungisa i-IGBT azoba nentuthuko ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo.
- Uhlelo lwekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa
Ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlinzeka amandla ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ezinamamotho kuhlelo lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen oxygen kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza ngemuva kwemishini yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen yamanzi e-electrolytic, okuhlanganisa i-400V noma evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-380V imishini. Imishini ihlanganisa iphampu yokujikeleza kwe-alkali ohlakeni lokuhlukanisa i-hydrogen oxygen kanye nephampu yamanzi yokwakheka ohlelweni olusizayo; Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezintambo zokufudumeza ohlelweni lokomisa nokuhlanza, kanye nezinhlelo ezisizayo ezidingekayo kulo lonke uhlelo njengemishini yamanzi ahlanzekile, ama-chillers, ama-air compressor, imibhoshongo yokupholisa, kanye ne-back-end hydrogen compressors, imishini ye-hydrogenation, njll. ., kuhlanganisa nokuphakelwa kwamandla kokukhanyisa, ukuqapha, nezinye izinhlelo zesiteshi sonke.
- Ci-introl uhlelo
Uhlelo lokulawula lisebenzisa ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwe-PLC. I-PLC ngokuvamile yamukela i-Siemens 1200 noma i-1500, futhi ifakwe isikrini sokuthinta esibonakalayo somshini womuntu. Ukusebenza kanye nokuboniswa kwepharamitha yesistimu ngayinye yemishini kanye nokuboniswa kwe-logic yokulawula kuyabonakala esikrinini sokuthinta.
5. Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa kakhulu izisetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
Isihlukanisi se-Hydrogen oxygen - iphampu yesisombululo se-alkali - I-Valve - Isihlungi sesisombululo se-alkali - Iseli ye-Electrolytic
Inqubo eyinhloko imi kanje: isixazululo se-alkaline esixutshwe ne-hydrogen ne-oksijini kusihlukanisi se-hydrogen oxygen sihlukaniswa isihlukanisi se-gas-liquid futhi sifakwe kabusha empompini yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali. Isihlukanisi se-hydrogen nesihlukanisi se-oksijini kuxhunywe lapha, futhi iphampu yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali isakaza isisombululo se-alkaline e-reflux ku-valve kanye nesihlungi sesisombululo se-alkali ekupheleni kwangemuva. Ngemva kokuba isihlungi sikhiphe ukungcola okukhulu, isisombululo se-alkaline sisakazwa ngaphakathi kweseli ye-electrolytic.
6.Isistimu ye-Hydrogen
Igesi ye-hydrogen ikhiqizwa ohlangothini lwe-cathode electrode futhi ifinyelela kusihlukanisi kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali. Ngaphakathi kwesihlukanisi, igesi ye-hydrogen ilula uma kuqhathaniswa futhi ihlukaniswe ngokwemvelo nengxube ye-alkali, ifinyelela engxenyeni engenhla yesihlukanisi. Bese, idlula emaphayiphini ukuze iphinde ihlukaniswe, ipholiswe ngamanzi apholisayo, futhi iqoqwe ngesibambi sokudonsa ukuze kutholakale ukuhlanzeka okungaba ngu-99% ngaphambi kokufinyelela ohlelweni lokumisa nokuhlanza olungemuva.
Ukukhishwa: Ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen kusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokuqalisa neyokuvalwa, ukusebenza okungavamile, noma lapho ukuhlanzeka kungahlangabezani nezindinganiso, kanye nokuxazulula inkinga.
7. Uhlelo lwe-oxygen
Indlela ye-oxygen ifana neye-hydrogen, ngaphandle kokuthi yenziwa ngezihlukanisi ezihlukene.
Ukuthulula: Okwamanje, amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa indlela yokukhipha umoya-mpilo.
Ukusetshenziswa: Inani lokusetshenziswa komoyampilo linengqondo kuphela kumaphrojekthi akhethekile, afana nezinhlelo ezingasebenzisa kokubili i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ohlanzekile kakhulu, njengabakhiqizi be-fiber optic. Kukhona futhi amaphrojekthi amakhulu agcine indawo yokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezingemuva ezokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo owuketshezi ngemva kokomiswa nokuhlanzwa, noma ezokuphefumula komoyampilo ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okusabalalisa. Nokho, ukunemba kwalezi zimo zokusetshenziswa kusadinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe.
8. Uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa
Inqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi iwukusabela kwe-endothermic, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen kufanele inikezwe amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-electrolysis yamanzi adlula ukumuncwa kokushisa okucatshangelwayo kokusabela kwe-electrolysis yamanzi. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye kagesi esetshenziswa esitokisini se-electrolysis iguqulwa ibe ukushisa, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukushisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali ekuqaleni, kukhuphule izinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alkali ezingeni lokushisa elidingekayo elingu-90 ± 5. ℃ yemishini. Uma iseli le-electrolysis liqhubeka nokusebenza ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe, ukushisa okukhiqizwayo kudinga ukwenziwa ngamanzi okupholisa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elivamile lendawo yokusabela kwe-electrolysis. Ukushisa okuphezulu endaweni yokusabela kwe-electrolysis kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-diaphragm yekamelo le-electrolysis izolimala, okuzophinde kube yingozi ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza lale divayisi liyadingeka ukuthi ligcinwe lingekho ngaphezu kwama-95 ℃. Ukwengeza, i-hydrogen ekhiqiziwe nomoya-mpilo nakho kudinga ukupholiswa futhi kususwe umswakama, futhi isisetshenziswa sokulungisa i-thyristor esipholiswe ngamanzi siphinde sifakwe amapayipi okupholisa adingekayo.
Umzimba wepompo wemishini emikhulu nawo udinga ukubamba iqhaza kwamanzi okupholisa.
- Ukugcwalisa i-nitrogen kanye nesistimu yokuhlanza i-nitrogen
Ngaphambi kokulungisa iphutha nokusebenzisa idivayisi, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-nitrogen kufanele kwenziwe ohlelweni. Ngaphambi kokuqala okujwayelekile, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlanza isigaba segesi sesistimu nge-nitrogen ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igesi esikhaleni sesigaba segesi ezinhlangothini zombili ze-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ikude nebanga elivutha umlilo neliqhumayo.
Ngemva kokuba imishini ivaliwe, isistimu yokulawula izogcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ingcindezi futhi igcine inani elithile le-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Uma ingcindezi isekhona ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, asikho isidingo sokwenza isenzo sokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, uma ingcindezi ikhululeka ngokuphelele, isenzo sokuhlanza i-nitrogen sidinga ukwenziwa futhi.
- Isistimu yokomisa nge-hydrogen (yokuhlanza) (kuyakhetheka)
Igesi ye-hydrogen elungiselelwe kusuka ku-electrolysis yamanzi ikhishwa umswakama ngesomisi esihambisanayo, futhi ekugcineni ihlanzwe ngesihlungi seshubhu ye-nickel esine-sintered ukuze kutholwe igesi ye-hydrogen eyomile. Ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi zomkhiqizo we-hydrogen, isistimu ingase yengeze idivayisi yokuhlanza, esebenzisa i-palladium platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxygenation ukuze ihlanzwe.
I-hydrogen ekhiqizwa iyunithi yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen electrolysis yamanzi ithunyelwa kuyunithi yokuhlanza i-hydrogen ngethangi le-buffer.
Igesi ye-hydrogen kuqala idlula embhoshongweni we-deoxygenation, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, umoya-mpilo osegesi ye-hydrogen uhlangana negesi ye-hydrogen ukuze ukhiqize amanzi.
Ifomula yokusabela: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Bese, igesi ye-hydrogen idlula ku-condenser ye-hydrogen (epholisa igesi ukuze ihlanganise umhwamuko wamanzi emanzini, okhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwesistimu ngomqoqi) bese ungena embhoshongweni we-adsorption.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-03-2024
