Ngokuphishekela okwandayo komhlaba wonke kwamandla ahlanzekile nentuthuko esimeme, amandla e-hydrogen, njengesithwali samandla esisebenzayo nesihlanzekile, angena kancane kancane embonweni wabantu. Njengesixhumanisi esiyinhloko ochungechungeni lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-hydrogen abukhathazi nje kuphela ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwamandla e-hydrogen, kodwa futhi buthinta ngokuqondile ububanzi bokusebenzisa kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zamandla e-hydrogen.
1.Izimfuneko ze-hydrogen yomkhiqizo
I-Hydrogen, njengekhemikhali yempahla eluhlaza kanye nesithwali samandla, inezidingo ezihlukene zokuhlanzeka nokuqukethwe okungcolile kuzimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Ekukhiqizeni i-ammonia yokwenziwa, i-methanol neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, ukuze kuvinjwe ubuthi be-catalyst futhi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ama-sulfide nezinye izinto ezinobuthi egesi eliphakelayo kufanele zisuswe kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe ukungcola ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo. Ezindaweni zezimboni ezifana ne-metallurgy, i-ceramics, ingilazi, nama-semiconductors, igesi ye-hydrogen ihlangana ngqo nemikhiqizo, futhi izidingo zokuhlanzeka nokungcola ziqine kakhulu. Isibonelo, embonini ye-semiconductor, i-hydrogen isetshenziselwa izinqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwekristalu ne-substrate, i-oxidation, i-annealing, njll., enemikhawulo ephezulu kakhulu ekungcoleni okufana nomoya-mpilo, amanzi, ama-hydrocarbon asindayo, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll. ku-hydrogen.
2.Isimiso sokusebenza sokukhipha umoya-mpilo
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, inani elincane lomoya-mpilo ku-hydrogen lingasabela ne-hydrogen ukuze likhiqize amanzi, lifinyelele inhloso yokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Ukusabela ukusabela kwe-exothermic, futhi i-equation yokusabela imi kanje:
2H ₂+O ₂ (i-catalyst) -2H ₂ O+Q
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, kanye nekhwalithi ye-catalyst ngokwayo akushintshi ngaphambi nangemva kokusabela, i-catalyst ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.
I-deoxidizer inesakhiwo se-cylinder sangaphakathi nangaphandle, ne-catalyst elayishwa phakathi kwamasilinda angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ingxenye yokushisa kagesi evimbela ukuqhuma ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, futhi izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa zitholakala phezulu nangaphansi kwe-catalyst packing ukuze kutholwe futhi kulawule izinga lokushisa lokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sisongwe ngesendlalelo sokuvikela ukuvikela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi sigweme ukusha. I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena kusilinda elingaphakathi isuka endaweni engaphezulu ye-deoxidizer, ishisiswe isici sokushisa sikagesi, futhi igeleza kumbhede we-catalyst ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu. Umoya-mpilo ku-hydrogen eluhlaza uhlangana ne-hydrogen ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukukhiqiza amanzi. Okuqukethwe komoyampilo ku-hydrogen egeleza iphuma endaweni engaphansi kungancishiswa ibe ngaphansi kuka-1ppm. Amanzi akhiqizwe inhlanganisela ageleza aphume ku-deoxidizer esesimweni segesi negesi ye-hydrogen, ajiya ku-hydrogen cooler elandelayo, izihlungi kusihlukanisi samanzi omoya, futhi akhishwe ohlelweni.
3.Isimiso sokusebenza sokoma
Ukomiswa kwegesi ye-hydrogen kusebenzisa indlela ye-adsorption, kusetshenziswa izisefo zamangqamuzana njengama-adsorbents. Ngemva kokoma, indawo yamazolo yegesi ye-hydrogen ingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka -70 ℃. I-molecular sieve iwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela ye-aluminosilicate ene-cubic lattice, eyenza imigodi eminingi enobukhulu obufanayo ngaphakathi ngemva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi inendawo enkulu kakhulu. Izisefo zamangqamuzana zibizwa ngokuthi ama-molecular sieve ngoba angakwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-molecule anomumo ohlukene, amadayamitha, ama-polarity, amaphuzu abilayo, namazinga okugcwala.
Amanzi ayingqamuzana elincanyana kakhulu, futhi izisefo zamangqamuzana zihlobene kakhulu namanzi. I-adsorption yamasefa e-molecular adsorption ebonakalayo, futhi lapho i-adsorption igcwele, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukushisa nokukhiqiza kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kukhangiswe futhi. Ngakho-ke, okungenani ama-dryer amabili afakiwe kudivayisi yokuhlanza, eyodwa esebenza ngenkathi enye ivuselela, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwegesi le-hydrogen eligxilile lamazolo.
Isomisi sinesakhiwo se-cylinder sangaphakathi nangaphandle, ne-adsorbent elayishwe phakathi kwamasilinda angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ingxenye yokushisa kagesi evimbela ukuqhuma ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, futhi izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa zitholakala phezulu nangaphansi kokupakisha kwesisefo se-molecular ukuze kutholwe futhi kulawule izinga lokushisa lokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sisongwe ngesendlalelo sokuvikela ukuvikela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi sigweme ukusha. Ukugeleza komoya kusimo se-adsorption (okuhlanganisa izifunda eziyinhloko nesesibili) kanye nesimo sokukhiqiza kabusha kuyahlehliswa. Esimeni sokukhangisa, ipayipi elingaphezulu liyindawo yokukhipha igesi futhi ipayipi lokugcina elingezansi liyi-gas inlet. Esimweni sokuvuselelwa, ipayipi elingaphezulu liyi-inlet yegesi futhi ipayipi lokugcina eliphansi liyi-outlet yegesi. Uhlelo lokumisa lungahlukaniswa lube izingxenye ezimbili zokomisa imibhoshongo kanye nezomisa imibhoshongo ezintathu ngokwenani lezomisi.
4.Inqubo yombhoshongo emibili
Kufakwe ama-dryer amabili kudivayisi, ashintshana futhi avuselele ngaphakathi komjikelezo owodwa (amahora angama-48) ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwayo yonke idivayisi. Ngemva kokoma, izinga lamazolo e-hydrogen lingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka -60 ℃. Phakathi nomjikelezo wokusebenza (amahora angu-48), okomisa u-A no-B kungena izifunda zokusebenza nezivuselelayo, ngokulandelana.
Emjikelezweni owodwa wokushintsha, isomisi sihlangabezana nezifunda ezimbili: isimo sokusebenza kanye nesimo sokuvuselela.
·Isimo sokuvuselelwa: Umthamo wegesi yokucubungula uwumthamo wegesi ogcwele. Isimo sokuvuselela sihlanganisa isiteji sokushisa kanye nesiteji sokupholisa esiphephetha;
I-1) Isiteji sokushisa - i-heater ngaphakathi kwesomisi isebenza, futhi imisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushisa lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lifinyelela inani elibekiwe noma isikhathi sokushisa sifinyelela inani elibekiwe;
2) Isiteji sokupholisa - Ngemva kokuba umshini womisa umise ukushisa, ukugeleza komoya kuyaqhubeka kugeleza esomisini endleleni yasekuqaleni ukuze kusipholise kuze kube yilapho isomisi sishintshela kumodi yokusebenza.
·Isimo sokusebenza: Umthamo womoya ocutshungulwayo ugcwele ngokugcwele, futhi i-heater engaphakathi kwesomisi ayisebenzi.
5.Three tower workflow
Njengamanje, inqubo emithathu yemibhoshongo isetshenziswa kabanzi. Kufakwe ama-dryer amathathu kudivayisi, aqukethe ama-desiccants (ama-molecular sieves) anamandla amakhulu okukhangisa kanye nokumelana okuhle kokushisa. Izinto zokomisa ezintathu ziyashintshana phakathi kokusebenza, ukwenziwa kabusha, kanye nokukhangisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwalo lonke idivayisi. Ngemva kokoma, indawo yamazolo yegesi ye-hydrogen ingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka -70 ℃.
Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokushintsha, isomisi sidlula ezifundeni ezintathu: ukusebenza, i-adsorption, nokuvuselela. Esimweni ngasinye, isomisi sokuqala lapho igesi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena khona ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-oxygenation, ukupholisa, nokuhlunga kwamanzi:
I-1) Isimo sokusebenza: Ivolumu yegesi yokucubungula igcwele ngokugcwele, i-heater ngaphakathi kwesomisi ayisebenzi, kanti okuphakathi kuyigesi eluhlaza ye-hydrogen engazange iphelelwe amanzi;
I-dryer yesibili engena itholakala:
2) Isimo sokuvuselela: 20% umthamo wegesi: Isimo sokuvuselela sihlanganisa isiteji sokushisa kanye nesiteji sokupholisa esiphephetha;
Isiteji sokushisa - i-heater ngaphakathi kwesomisi isebenza, futhi imisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushisa lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lifinyelela inani elibekiwe noma isikhathi sokushisa sifinyelela inani elibekiwe;
Isiteji sokupholisa - Ngemva kokuba umshini womisa umise ukushisa, ukugeleza komoya kuyaqhubeka kugeleza esomisini endleleni yokuqala ukuze kuphole kuze kube yilapho isomisi sishintshela kumodi yokusebenza; Lapho umshini wokomisa usesigabeni sokuvuselelwa, okuphakathi kuphelelwe amanzi ngegesi ye-hydrogen eyomile;
Okomisa okomisa okwesithathu kutholakala:
3)Isimo se-Adsorption: Ivolumu yegesi yokucubungula ingu-20%, i-heater ekomisweni ayisebenzi, kanti okuphakathi yigesi ye-hydrogen yokuvuselelwa kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2024
