Njengoba kuqhubeka ukuphishekela amandla ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke kanye nentuthuko esimeme, amandla e-hydrogen, njengomthwali wamandla osebenzayo futhi ohlanzekile, kancane kancane angena embonweni wabantu. Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lwemboni yamandla e-hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-hydrogen abugcini nje ngokuphathelene nokuphepha nokuthembeka kwamandla e-hydrogen, kodwa futhi buthinta ngqo ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho zamandla e-hydrogen.
1. Izidingo ze-hydrogen yomkhiqizo
I-hydrogen, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali kanye nomthwali wamandla, inezidingo ezahlukene zokuhlanzeka nokuqukethwe kokungcola ezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa, i-methanol kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuthi be-catalyst nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ama-sulfide kanye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi kugesi yokudla kumele kususwe kusengaphambili ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kokungcola ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo. Emasimini ezimboni njenge-metallurgy, i-ceramics, ingilazi, kanye ne-semiconductors, igesi ye-hydrogen ihlangana ngqo nemikhiqizo, futhi izidingo zokuhlanzeka nokuqukethwe kokungcola ziqinile kakhulu. Isibonelo, embonini ye-semiconductor, i-hydrogen isetshenziselwa izinqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwekristalu kanye ne-substrate, i-oxidation, i-annealing, njll., ezinemikhawulo ephezulu kakhulu ekungcoleni njenge-oxygen, amanzi, ama-hydrocarbon asindayo, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll. ku-hydrogen.
2. Umgomo wokusebenza wokukhipha umoya-mpilo
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, inani elincane lomoya-mpilo ku-hydrogen lingasabela ne-hydrogen ukuze likhiqize amanzi, kufezwe injongo yokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Ukusabela kuyi-reaction ye-exothermic, futhi i-reaction equation ilandelayo:
2H ₂+O ₂ (isikhangisi) -2H ₂ O+Q
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, kanye nekhwalithi ye-catalyst ngokwayo akushintshi ngaphambi nangemva kokusabela, i-catalyst ingasetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.
I-deoxidizer inesakhiwo sesilinda sangaphakathi nesangaphandle, kanye ne-catalyst elayishwe phakathi kwamasilinda angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ingxenye yokushisa kagesi engaqhumi ifakiwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, futhi izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa zitholakala phezulu nangaphansi kwephakeji ye-catalyst ukuthola nokulawula izinga lokushisa lokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sigoqwe ngesendlalelo sokuvikela ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokushisa nokugwema ukusha. I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena kwisilinda sangaphakathi isuka endaweni yokungena ephezulu ye-deoxidizer, ifudunyezwa yisakhi sokushisa sikagesi, bese igeleza ngombhede we-catalyst kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. I-oxygen e-hydrogen eluhlaza isabela ne-hydrogen ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukukhiqiza amanzi. Okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo e-hydrogen okugeleza kuphuma endaweni yokukhipha engezansi kungancishiswa kube ngaphansi kwe-1ppm. Amanzi akhiqizwa yinhlanganisela aphuma kwi-deoxidizer ngesimo segesi negesi ye-hydrogen, ajiya endaweni epholile ye-hydrogen elandelayo, ahlunge endaweni yokuhlukanisa amanzi nomoya, bese ekhishwa ohlelweni.
3. Isimiso sokusebenza sokoma
Ukomiswa kwegesi ye-hydrogen kusebenzisa indlela yokumunca, kusetshenziswa izisefo zama-molecule njengezisefo. Ngemva kokomiswa, iphuzu lamazolo legesi ye-hydrogen lingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka--70 ℃. Isisefo sama-molecule uhlobo lwe-aluminosilicate compound ene-cubic lattice, eyakha imigodi eminingi yobukhulu obufanayo ngaphakathi ngemva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi inendawo enkulu kakhulu ebusweni. Izisefo zama-molecule zibizwa ngokuthi izisefo zama-molecule ngoba zingahlukanisa ama-molecule anezimo ezahlukene, ububanzi, ama-polarities, amaphuzu abilayo, kanye namazinga okugcwala.
Amanzi ayi-molecule e-polar kakhulu, futhi izisefo zama-molecule zinobuhlobo obuqinile namanzi. Ukumuncwa kwezisefo zama-molecule kuwukumuncwa ngokomzimba, futhi lapho ukumuncwa sekugcwele, kuthatha isikhathi ukufudumeza nokuvuselela ngaphambi kokuba kuphinde kumuncwe futhi. Ngakho-ke, okungenani imishini yokomisa emibili ifakiwe kudivayisi yokuhlanza, enye isebenza ngenkathi enye ivuselela, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-hydrogen eqinile yama-dew point.
I-dryer inesakhiwo sesilinda sangaphakathi nesangaphandle, kanye ne-adsorbent efakwe phakathi kwamasilinda angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ingxenye yokushisa kagesi engaqhumi ifakiwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, futhi izinzwa ezimbili zokushisa zitholakala phezulu nangaphansi kwephakeji yesihlungo sama-molecule ukuthola nokulawula izinga lokushisa lokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sigoqwe ngesendlalelo sokuvimbela ukulahleka kokushisa nokugwema ukusha. Ukuhamba komoya esimweni sokumunca (kufaka phakathi izimo zokusebenza eziyinhloko nezesibili) kanye nesimo sokuvuselela kuyaguqulwa. Esimweni sokumunca, ipayipi eliphezulu liyindawo yokuphuma kwegesi kanti ipayipi eliphansi liyindawo yokungena kwegesi. Esimweni sokuvuselela, ipayipi eliphezulu liyindawo yokungena kwegesi kanti ipayipi eliphansi liyindawo yokukhipha igesi. Uhlelo lokomisa lungahlukaniswa lube omisi ababili bemibhoshongo kanye nomisi abathathu bemibhoshongo ngokwenani labomisi.
4. Inqubo yemibhoshongo emibili
Kufakwa imishini yokomisa emibili kudivayisi, eshintshashintshayo futhi ivuseleleke ngaphakathi komjikelezo owodwa (amahora angu-48) ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwedivayisi yonke. Ngemva kokomisa, iphuzu lamazolo le-hydrogen lingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka--60 ℃. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokusebenza (amahora angu-48), imishini yokomisa u-A no-B ibhekana nezimo zokusebenza nokuvuselela, ngokulandelana.
Kumjikelezo owodwa wokushintsha, umshini wokomisa uhlangabezana nezimo ezimbili: isimo sokusebenza kanye nesimo sokuvuselelwa.
·Isimo sokuvuselelwa: Umthamo wegesi wokucubungula ungumthamo wegesi ogcwele. Isimo sokuvuselelwa sihlanganisa isigaba sokushisa kanye nesigaba sokupholisa sokuphehla;
1) Isigaba sokushisa – i-heater engaphakathi kwe-dryer iyasebenza, futhi iyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufudumala lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lifinyelela inani elibekiwe noma isikhathi sokushisa sifinyelela inani elibekiwe;
2) Isigaba sokupholisa – Ngemva kokuba umshini wokomisa uyeke ukufudumala, umoya uyaqhubeka nokugeleza ngemishini yokomisa endleleni yokuqala ukuze uyipholise kuze kube yilapho umshini wokomisa ushintshela kwimodi yokusebenza.
·Isimo sokusebenza: Umthamo womoya wokucubungula ugcwele, futhi i-heater engaphakathi kwe-dryer ayisebenzi.
5.Ukusebenza kombhoshongo wesithathu
Njengamanje, inqubo yemibhoshongo emithathu isetshenziswa kabanzi. Kufakwe imishini yokomisa emithathu kudivayisi, equkethe ama-desiccant (ama-molecular sieves) anamandla amakhulu okumunca kanye nokumelana okuhle nokushisa. Imishini yokomisa emithathu iyashintshana phakathi kokusebenza, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nokumunca ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwedivayisi yonke. Ngemva kokomisa, iphuzu lamazolo legesi ye-hydrogen lingafinyelela ngaphansi kuka--70 ℃.
Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokushintsha, umshini wokomisa udlula ezimweni ezintathu: ukusebenza, ukumuncwa, kanye nokuvuselelwa. Esimweni ngasinye, umshini wokomisa wokuqala lapho igesi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena khona ngemva kokukhipha umoya-mpilo, ukupholisa, kanye nokuhlunga amanzi kutholakala:
1) Isimo sokusebenza: Umthamo wegesi yokucubungula ugcwele, i-heater engaphakathi kwe-dryer ayisebenzi, kanti i-medium iyigesi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza engakakhishwa amanzi emzimbeni;
Indawo yesibili yokungena eyomile itholakala ku:
2) Isimo sokuvuselelwa: 20% ivolumu yegesi: Isimo sokuvuselelwa sihlanganisa isigaba sokushisa kanye nesigaba sokupholisa esivunguzayo;
Isigaba sokushisa – i-heater engaphakathi kwe-dryer iyasebenza, futhi iyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufudumala lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lifinyelela inani elibekiwe noma isikhathi sokushisa sifinyelela inani elibekiwe;
Isigaba Sokupholisa – Ngemva kokuba umshini wokomisa uyeke ukufudumala, ukugeleza komoya kuyaqhubeka nokugeleza ngomshini wokomisa endleleni yokuqala ukuze uphole kuze kube yilapho umshini wokomisa ushintshela kwimodi yokusebenza; Uma umshini wokomisa usesigabeni sokuvuselela, umshini wokomisa uphelelwa amanzi yigesi ye-hydrogen eyomile;
Indawo yesithathu yokungena eyomile itholakala ku:
3) Isimo sokumuncwa: Umthamo wegesi wokucubungula ungama-20%, i-heater emshinini wokomisa ayisebenzi, kanti i-medium iyigesi ye-hydrogen yokuvuselela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2024
