Kuyini Ukuhlola Okungabhubhi?
Ukuhlola okungalimazi kuyindlela esebenzayo evumela abahloli ukuthi baqoqe idatha ngaphandle kokulimaza umkhiqizo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola amaphutha kanye nokonakala ngaphakathi kwezinto ngaphandle kokuhlakazwa noma ukucekelwa phansi komkhiqizo.
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT) kanye nokuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDI) amagama afanayo abhekisela ekuhloleni ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo entweni. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetshenziselwa ukuhlola okungabhubhisi, kuyilapho i-NDI isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukudlula/ukuhluleka.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT) nokuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDI) kungasetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kokubili kubhekiselwa ekuhlolweni kwezinto ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetshenziselwa ukuhlola okungabhubhisi, kuyilapho i-NDI isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukudlula/ukuhluleka. Njengoba lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nezindlela ze-NDT ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlukanise phakathi kwakho kokubili kuye ngesicelo sakho nenjongo.
Izinjongo ezimbili kakhulu ze-NDT yilezi:
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Ukuhlola izinkinga emikhiqizweni ekhiqiziwe kanye nezingxenye. Isibonelo, isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuncipha kokuphonsa, ukukhubazeka kokushisela, njll.
Ukuhlola impilo: Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile komkhiqizo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukungahambi kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside kwezakhiwo nengqalasizinda.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlola Okungabhubhisi
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kunikeza izindlela eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokuhlola izinto ngale ndlela elandelayo.
Ukunemba okuphezulu, kulula ukuthola amaphutha angabonakali ebusweni.
Akukho ukulimala kwezinto, okutholakala kukho konke ukuhlolwa.
Ukwandisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo
Khomba ukulungisa noma ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi
Isizathu sokuthi kungani ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kunembile futhi kusebenze kahle ukuthi kungabona amaphutha angaphakathi ento ngaphandle kokuyilimaza. Le ndlela ifana nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, okungaveza indawo yokuphuka okunzima ukuyihlulela ngaphandle.
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT) kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, njengoba le ndlela ingawungcolisi noma ilimaze umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehloliwe ithola ukuhlolwa okungcono, okwandisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke izinyathelo eziningi zokulungiselela, ezingabiza kakhulu.
Izindlela Zezindlela Ezivamile ze-NDT
Kunamasu amaningana asetshenziswa ekuhloleni okungabhubhisi, futhi anamazinga ahlukahlukene kuye ngokukhubazeka noma izinto ezizohlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic (RT)
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (i-NDT) kungasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla, njengoba le ndlela ingawungcolisi noma ilimaze umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehloliwe ithola ukuhlolwa okungcono, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke izinyathelo eziningi zokulungiselela, ezingabiza kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic (RT) kusebenzisa ama-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-gamma ukuhlola izinto. I-RT ithola ukukhubazeka ngokusebenzisa umehluko wokujiya kwesithombe kuma-engeli ahlukene. I-Computerized tomography (CT) ingenye yezindlela zokucabanga ze-NDT zezimboni ezihlinzeka ngezithombe ze-cross-sectional kanye ne-3D yezinto ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lesi sici sivumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi noma ukujiya. Kufanelekile ukukala ukushuba kwamapuleti ensimbi kanye nophenyo lwangaphakathi lwezakhiwo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukucatshangelwa okuthile: ukuqapha okukhulu kudinga ukusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwemisebe. I-RT isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion namabhodi e-electronic circuits. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukubona ukukhubazeka kwamapayipi namashisela afakwe ezimbonini zikagesi, izimboni, nezinye izakhiwo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT)
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) kusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic ukuthola izinto. Ngokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamagagasi omsindo ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo, i-UT ingakwazi ukubona isimo sangaphakathi sezinto. I-UT ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi njengendlela yokuhlola engacekeli phansi engoni izinto zokwakha. Isetshenziselwa ukubona ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi emikhiqizweni kanye nokukhubazeka ezintweni ezilinganayo njengamakhoyili agingqelwe. Izinhlelo ze-UT ziphephile futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa zinemikhawulo uma kuziwa ezintweni ezinokwakheka okungavamile. Asetshenziselwa ukubona ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi emikhiqizweni kanye nokuhlola izinto ezilinganayo njengamakhoyili agingqelwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) (ET)
Ekuhlolweni kwe-eddy current (EC), ikhoyili enamasinga ashintshanayo ibekwa eduze nendawo engaphezulu yento. I-current ku-coil ikhiqiza i-eddy current ezungezayo eduze nendawo engaphezulu yento, elandela isimiso sokungeniswa kuka-electromagnetic. Kube sekubonakala ukuthi amaphutha angaphezulu, njengokuqhekeka. Ukuhlola i-EC kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlola ezingabhubhi ezingadingi ukucubungula kusengaphambili noma ukucutshungulwa. Ifaneleka kakhulu ukukala ukushuba, ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo, nezinye izinkambu, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-EC kungathola kuphela izinto ezisebenzayo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya Zazibuthe (MT)
I-Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) isetshenziselwa ukuthola iziphambeko ngaphansi nje kwendawo yezinto kusixazululo sokuhlola esiqukethe impushana kazibuthe. Ugesi usetshenziswa entweni ukuyihlola ngokushintsha iphethini yempushana kazibuthe endaweni yento. Lapho ukuhlangana kwamanje kungasebenzi lapho, kuzodala inkambu yokuvuza okuguquguqukayo lapho iphutha likhona.
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuqhekeka okungashoni/okucolekile endaweni, futhi iyatholakala ezindizeni, ezimotweni, nasezinxenyeni zikaloliwe.
I-Penetrant Testing (PT)
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant (PT) kubhekisela endleleni yokugcwalisa ingaphakathi lesici ngokufaka ukungena entweni usebenzisa isenzo se-capillary. Ngemuva kokucubungula, i-surface penetrant iyasuswa. I-Penetrant engene ngaphakathi kwesici ayikwazi ukugezwa futhi igcinwe. Ngokuhlinzeka ngonjiniyela, isici sizomuncwa futhi sibonakale. I-PT ifanelekela kuphela ukuhlolwa kokonakala kwendawo, edinga ukucutshungulwa isikhathi eside nesikhathi esengeziwe, futhi ayifanele ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-turbojet engine turbine blades kanye nezingxenye zezimoto.
Ezinye izindlela
Isistimu yokuhlola ukushayisana kwesando ivamise ukusingathwa o-opharetha abahlola isimo sangaphakathi sento ngokuyishaya nokulalela umsindo ophumayo. Le ndlela isebenzisa isimiso esifanayo lapho inkomishi yetiye engaphelele ikhiqiza umsindo ocacile lapho ishaywa, kuyilapho ephukile ikhipha umsindo ongacacile. Le ndlela yokuhlola iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuhlola amabhawodi axegayo, ama-axle kaloliwe, nezindonga zangaphandle. Ukuhlola okubukwayo kungenye yezindlela zokuhlola ezilula nezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho abasebenzi behlola ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwento. Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kunikeza izinzuzo ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yokusakazwa, ukufojiswa, imikhiqizo egoqiwe, amapayipi, izinqubo zokushisela, njll., ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwezimboni. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukunakekela ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha njengamabhuloho, amahubhu, amasondo kaloliwe nama-ekseli, izindiza, imikhumbi, izimoto, kanye nokuhlola izinjini zomoya, amapayipi, namathangi amanzi ezikhungo zikagesi kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-NDT emikhakheni engeyona eyezimboni efana nezinsalela zamasiko, imisebenzi yobuciko, ukuhlukaniswa kwezithelo, nokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezishisayo kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-08-2023
