Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Okungonakalisi?
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kuyindlela ephumelelayo evumela abahloli ukuthi baqoqe idatha ngaphandle kokulimaza umkhiqizo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola amaphutha kanye nokuwohloka kwezinto ngaphandle kokuhlakazwa noma ukubhujiswa komkhiqizo.
Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDI) ngamagama afanayo abhekisela ekuhlolweni ngaphandle kokulimaza into. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kuyilapho i-NDI isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokupasa/ukwehluleka.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDI) kungasetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kokubili kubhekiselwa ekuhlolweni kwezinto ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kuyilapho i-NDI isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokuphasa/ukwehluleka. Njengoba lesi sigaba sihlanganisa nezindlela ze-NDT ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi, kungcono ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuye ngesicelo sakho kanye nenhloso yakho.
Izinhloso ezimbili ze-NDT yilezi:
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Ukuhlola izinkinga emikhiqizweni ekhiqiziwe kanye nezingxenye. Isibonelo, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuncipha kokubumba, amaphutha okushisela, njll.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphila: Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile komkhiqizo. Kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside kwezakhiwo nengqalasizinda.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlola Okungonakalisi
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi kunikeza izindlela eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokuhlola izinto kanje.
Ukunemba okuphezulu, kulula ukuthola amaphutha angabonakali ebusweni.
Akukho monakalo ezintweni, kuyatholakala ukuze kuhlolwe yonke indawo.
Ukwethenjwa komkhiqizo okwandayo
Thola ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa ngesikhathi esifanele
Isizathu sokuthi ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kunembile futhi kusebenze kahle kakhulu ukuthi kungabona amaphutha angaphakathi ento ngaphandle kokuyilimaza. Le ndlela ifana nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, okungaveza indawo yokuqhekeka okunzima ukukwahlulela ngaphandle.
Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (i-NDT) kungasetshenziswa ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, njengoba le ndlela ingangcolisi noma ilimaze umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehlolwayo ithola ukuhlolwa okungcono, okwandisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile, kungadingeka izinyathelo eziningi zokulungiselela, ezingabiza kakhulu.
Izindlela Zezindlela Ezivamile Ze-NDT
Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni okungabhubhisi, futhi zinamazinga ahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi yiziphi iziphambeko noma izinto ezizohlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Radiographic (RT)
Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT) kungasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla, njengoba le ndlela ingangcolisi noma ilimaze umkhiqizo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehlolwe ithola ukuhlolwa okungcono, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka izinyathelo eziningi zokulungiselela, okungabiza kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic (RT) kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-gamma ukuhlola izinto. I-RT ithola amaphutha ngokusebenzisa umehluko ekujikeni kwesithombe ngama-engeli ahlukene. I-computerized tomography (CT) ingenye yezindlela zokuthwebula ze-NDT zezimboni ezinikeza izithombe zezinto ezinqamula izigaba kanye ne-3D ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lesi sici sivumela ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwamaphutha noma ukujiya kwangaphakathi. Ifanele ukulinganisa ukujiya kwamapuleti ensimbi kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo, kufanele kucatshangelwe izinto ezithile: kudingeka kuqashelwe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemisebe. I-RT isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion namabhodi esekethe kagesi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola amaphutha emapayipini kanye nama-weld afakwe ezitshalweni zamandla, ezimbonini, nakwezinye izakhiwo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT)
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT) kusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic ukuthola izinto. Ngokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamaza omsindo ebusweni bezinto, i-UT ingathola isimo sangaphakathi sezinto. I-UT ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi njengendlela yokuhlola engonakalisi izinto. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha angaphakathi emikhiqizweni kanye namaphutha ezintweni ezifanayo njenge-roller coils. Izinhlelo ze-UT ziphephile futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa zinemikhawulo uma kukhulunywa ngezinto ezingamile ngendlela engajwayelekile. Zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha angaphakathi emikhiqizweni kanye nokuhlola izinto ezifanayo njenge-roller coils.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamanje Kwe-Eddy (I-Electromagnetic) (ET)
Ekuhlolweni kwe-eddy current (EC), ikhoyili enomshini oshintshanayo ibekwa eduze kobuso bento. Umshini okwikhoyili ukhiqiza umshini ojikelezayo we-eddy eduze kobuso bento, kulandela isimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Amaphutha obuso, njengokuqhekeka, abe esetholakala. Ukuhlolwa kwe-EC kungenye yezindlela zokuhlola ezivame kakhulu ezingabhubhisi ezingadingi ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili noma ukucutshungulwa ngemva kokucubungula. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekulinganisweni kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo, kanye neminye imikhakha, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-EC kungathola kuphela izinto eziqhubayo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MT)
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya Ze-Magnetic (MT) kusetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha ngaphansi nje kobuso bezinto ezisetshenziswayo esixazululweni sokuhlola esiqukethe i-magnetic powder. Ugesi ufakwa entweni ukuze uyihlole ngokushintsha iphethini ye-magnetic powder ebusweni bento. Uma ugesi uhlangana namaphutha lapho, uzodala insimu yokuvuza kwe-flux lapho kukhona khona i-defect.
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola imifantu engajulile/emincane endaweni, futhi iyatholakala ezindizeni, ezimotweni, nasezintweni zesitimela.
Ukuhlolwa Kokungena (PT)
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant (PT) kubhekisela endleleni yokugcwalisa ingaphakathi lesici ngokusebenzisa i-penetrant entweni kusetshenziswa isenzo se-capillary. Ngemva kokucubungula, i-surface penetrant iyasuswa. I-Penetrant engene ngaphakathi kwesici ayikwazi ukugezwa futhi igcinwe. Ngokunikeza unjiniyela, isici sizomuncwa futhi sibonakale. I-PT ifaneleka kuphela ukuhlolwa kwesici sobuso, edinga ukucutshungulwa isikhathi eside nesikhathi esiningi, futhi ayifanele ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-blade e-turbojet engine turbojet kanye nezingxenye zezimoto.
Ezinye izindlela
Uhlelo lokuhlola umthelela wesando luvame ukuphathwa ngabaqhubi abahlola isimo sangaphakathi sento ngokuyishaya nokulalela umsindo ovelayo. Le ndlela isebenzisa isimiso esifanayo lapho inkomishi yetiye engashintshi ikhiqiza umsindo ocacile lapho ishaywa, kanti ephukile ikhiqiza umsindo ongathandeki. Le ndlela yokuhlola isetshenziselwa nokuhlola amabhawodi akhululekile, ama-axle esitimela, kanye nezindonga zangaphandle. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kungenye yezindlela ezilula nezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlola ezingonakalisi lapho abasebenzi behlola khona ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwento. Ukuhlola okungonakalisi kunikeza izinzuzo ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi kokufakwa kwensimbi, ukufakelwa, imikhiqizo egoqiwe, amapayipi, izinqubo zokushisela, njll., ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwezimboni. Iphinde isetshenziswe ukugcina ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha efana namabhuloho, imigudu, amasondo esitimela nama-axle, izindiza, imikhumbi, izimoto, kanye nokuhlola ama-turbine, amapayipi, namathangi amanzi ezitshalo zamandla kanye nezinye ingqalasizinda yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-NDT emikhakheni engeyona eyezimboni njengezinto zamasiko, imisebenzi yobuciko, ukuhlukaniswa kwezithelo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezishisayo kuya ngokuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-08-2023
